NEUROLOGIE

Qu'est-ce que le nerf vague ?

Qu'est-ce que le nerf vague ?

Le nerf vague ou nerf X, ou encore nerf pneumogastrique, fait partie du système parasympathique. Il assure la communication entre le cerveau et de nombreux organes du corps.

Où se situe le nerf vague ?

Le nerf vague est un nerf d'origine crânienne, qui prend son origine dans le tronc cérébral, une région du cerveau impliquée dans les fonctions automatiques de l'organisme. C’est le plus long nerf du corps humain !

Les fibres du nerf vague desservent le cou et la plupart des organes des cavités thoracique et abdominale : le cœur, les poumons, les bronches, l'œsophage, le foie, la vésicule biliaire, l'estomac, l'intestin grêle, les reins, le pancréas et une partie du gros intestin.

Le nerf vague transmet à la fois des informations afférentes (depuis les organes vers les noyaux du tronc cérébral) et efférentes (du tronc cérébral vers les organes). Le principal neurotransmetteur utilisé dans le système vagal est l'acétylcholine.

Les fonctions du nerf vague

Le nerf vague fait partie du système nerveux autonome. En plus d'intervenir dans les battements du cœur, le nerf vague contrôle les muscles de la gorge et des voies respiratoires. Il règle votre rythme respiratoire de manière automatique, vous permet d'avaler lorsque vous mangez, de vocaliser quand vous parlez. Côté digestion, le nerf vague active la vidange de la vésicule biliaire ou la libération des enzymes digestives du pancréas et il favorise la progression du bol alimentaire le long du tube digestif. Des messages de faim et de satiété transitent également par le nerf vague. Le nerf vague a aussi un rôle dans le contrôle de la pression artérielle, en agissant sur le diamètre des vaisseaux, et dans le système immunitaire car il gère les problèmes d'inflammation dans l'intestin et relaie les informations provenant du microbiote intestinal.

Vu le grand nombre d'organes ciblés par le nerf pneumogastrique, les dysfonctionnements du nerf vague entraînent différents problèmes de santé.

Pour en savoir plus, lisez : 5 conséquences santé d'un nerf vague qui fonctionne mal

Il existe des moyens à la fois simples et variés pour stimuler le nerf vague, par exemple en pratiquant des exercices de respiration profonde ou la cohérence cardiaque.

Apprenez la cohérence cardiaque avec le Dr David O’Hare, auteur de Cohérence cardiaque 365

D’après le Dr Navaz Habib, auteur de Activez votre nerf vague, « la façon la plus efficace d’avoir une action positive sur votre nerf vague est d’apprendre à respirer correctement. Une respiration thoracique rapide et superficielle est un signe de stress qui active le système nerveux sympathique, tandis qu’une respiration abdominale, lente et profonde, est un signe de détente qui va activer le nerf vague. »

Pour savoir comment stimuler votre nerf vague, lisez Activez votre nerf vague du Dr Navaz Habib.

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